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爪哇语 编辑
爪哇语(Basa Jawa)是印度尼西亚人数最多的民族爪哇族的语言,属于南岛语系印度尼西亚语族。分布于爪哇岛中部、东部以及印度尼西亚西部部分沿海地区,使用人口约6000万。爪哇语是印尼四大主岛之一的爪哇岛上东、中部居民主要采用的语言。
中文名:爪哇语
外文名:Basa Jawa
使用人口:约6000万
传统爪哇文字母表
爪哇语印度尼西亚人数最多的民族——爪哇族的语言。属南岛语系印度尼西亚语族。爪哇语的历史一般分为3个时期:12~13世纪为古爪哇语,14~17世纪为中古爪哇语,17世纪起为现代爪哇语。古代爪哇语深受梵语的影响。伊斯兰教传入印尼之后,使用阿拉伯字母。
爪哇语有6个元音,20个辅音。重音落在单词的倒数第二个音节上。爪哇语是分析型语言,句法关系由功能词和词序表示。句子的基本结构是主语-谓语-宾语。定语一般在名词之后,状语在动词之后。有大量马来语、梵语、阿拉伯语、汉语、葡萄牙语、荷兰语及英语借词。
爪哇语是分析型语言,句法关系由功能词和词序表示。
爪哇语是印尼四大主岛之一的爪哇岛上东、中部居民主要采用的语言。爪哇语属南岛语系中马来-波利尼西亚语族的一个语支,和印尼语及马来语算是近亲,有语言人口7550万人。不少讲爪哇语的人都同时会说印尼语,但日常生活主要采用爪哇语。
现时爪哇语采用拉丁字母,但过去曾经采用一种很特别的爪哇文字来记录他们的语言。
南岛语系的语言
爪哇语是一种南岛语系的语言,属于马来-波利尼西亚语族核心马来-波利尼西亚语支的巽他语支,是爪哇岛东部、中部和西部北岸的主要语言。它与马来语、巽他语、峇里语、曼德勒语等语言的关系较密切,与苏门答腊语、婆罗洲诸语、菲律宾语等的关系较疏。
说爪哇语的人,分布在印度尼西亚爪哇岛的中、东部,以及印度尼西亚西部部分沿海地区。以爪哇语为母语的人约有7550万。
在马来西亚,也有很多人说爪哇语,特别是在雪兰莪州和Tohore省。但是,爪哇语与马来语之间并不能完全相通。
爪哇语是南岛语系中马来-波利尼西亚语族的一个语支,它与印度尼西亚语和马来语是近亲。许多说爪哇语的人在正式场合和做生意时都可以说印尼语,他们也可以用印尼语与不说爪哇语的印尼人交流。
区域:东南亚的岛屿
使用人数:约8千万~1亿(包括第二语言使用者)
12~13世纪为古爪哇语;
14~17世纪为中古爪哇语;
17世纪起为现代爪哇语。
英语 | 爪哇语 | |
---|---|---|
- | 正式 | 非正式 |
Welcome | Sugeng rawuh | - |
Hello | Halo | Halo |
How are you? I'm fine, thanks. And you? | Kadọs pundi kabaripun? | Piyé kabaré? |
Pangéstinipun saé | Apik-apik baé | |
Long time no see | Sampun dangu bọten kepanggih | Wis suwé ora ketemu |
What's your name? My name is ... | Asmanipun panjenengan sinten? | Jenengmu sạpạ? |
Nami kulạ ... | Jenengku ... | |
Where are you from? I'm from ... | Panjengan saking ngendi? | Kowe sạkạ ngendi? |
Kulạ saking ... | Aku sạkạ ... | |
Pleased to meet you | Kulạ seneng kepanggih kaliyan panjengan | Aku seneng ketemu karo kowé |
Good morning | Sugeng énjing | - |
Good afternoon | Sugeng siang | |
Good evening | Sugeng sọnten | |
Good night | Sugeng dalu | |
Goodbye | Kepanggih malih benjang | Dah dah! |
Good luck | Mugi tansah diparingi rejeki | - |
Cheers/Good health! | Mugi tansah diparingi kasarasan | Mugạ séhat terus |
Have a nice day | Mugi diparingi dinten ingkang saé | - |
Bon appetit | Sugeng dhahar | Ayo dipangan |
Bon voyage | Sugeng tindhak | Slamet jalan |
I don't understand | Kula bọten mangertọs | Aku ora mudeng |
Please speak more slowly | Tulung, pendikan ingkang sarèh | Tulung, ngọmọng alọn-alọn |
Do you speak Javanese? | Punạpạ panjenengan saged bạsạ Jạwi | Ạpạ kowé isạ bạsạ Jạwạ |
Inggih, sethithik | Yạ, sithik | |
How do you say ... in Javanese? | Kadọs pundi panjengan ngendikaaken ... ing bạsạ jawi | Piye kowé ngọmọng ... ing bạsạ jạwạ |
Excuse me | Nuwun séwu | Mit - amit |
How much is this? | Pinten reginipun? | Pirạ regané? |
Sorry | Nyuwun pangapunten | Jaluk ngapurạ |
Thank you (Response) | Matur nuwun | Trim |
Sami-sami | Pạdhạ-pạdhạ | |
Where's the toilet? | Paturasanipun wọnten pundi? | Paturasané ạnạ ngendi? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Piantun menika ingkang badhé bayar sedạyạ | Wọng kaé sing arep bayar kabèh |
Would you like to dance with me? | Punạpạ panjenangan kersạ nari kaliyan kulạ? | Ạpạ kowé gelem joged karo aku? |
I love you | Kula tresna panjengan | Aku seneng kowe |
Get well soon | Énggal dhangan | Ndang mari |
Leave me alone! | Késah kemaẉn! | Lungạ! |
Call the police! | Hubungi pulisi! | Hubungi polisi! |
Help! Fire! Stop! | Tulung! Kọbọngan! Stop! | Tulung! Kọbọngan! Stop! |
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year | Sugeng Riyạyạ Natal lan Warsạ Énggal | Slamet Natal lan Taun Anyar Sugeng Natal lan Sugeng Warso Enggal |
Happy Easter | Sugeng Riyạyạ Paskah | Slamet Paskah |
Happy Birthday | Sugeng Tanggap Warsạ | Slamet Ulang Taun |
One language is never enough | Setunggal bạsạ menika bọten cekap | Sak bọsọ kuwi ora cukup |
数字 | 爪哇语 | 数字 | 爪哇语 | 数字 | 爪哇语 |
1 | siji | 11 | sewelas | 21 | selikur |
2 | loro | 12 | rolas | 22 | rolikur |
3 | telu | 13 | telulas | 23 | telulikur |
4 | papat | 14 | patbelas | 24 | patlikur |
5 | limå | 15 | limålas | 25 | selawé |
6 | enem | 16 | nembelas | 26 | nemlikur |
7 | pitu | 17 | pitulas | 27 | pitulikur |
8 | wolu | 18 | wolulas | 28 | wolulikur |
9 | sångå | 19 | sångålas | 29 | sångålikur |
10 | sepuluh | 20 | rongpuluh | - | - |
30 | telung puluh | 100 | satus | ||
31 | telung puluh siji | 200 | rung atus | ||
36 | telung puluh enem | 300 | telung atus | ||
40 | patang puluh | 400 | patang atus | ||
41 | patang puluh siji | 600 | enem atus | ||
46 | patang puluh enem | 700 | pitung atus | ||
50 | sèket | 800 | wolung atus | ||
51 | sèket siji | 900 | sangang atus | ||
56 | sèket enem | 1,000 | sèwu | ||
60 | suwidak | 2,000 | rong èwu | ||
61 | suwidak siji | 1,000,000 | sak yutå | ||
70 | pitung puluh | 2,000,000 | rong yutå | ||
80 | wolung puluh | - | - | ||
90 | sangang puluh |
英语 | 爪哇语 | 英语 | 爪哇语 |
family | kulåwargå | parent | wong tuwå |
male | lanang | female | wadôn / wédhok |
sibling | sedulur | cousin | sedulur misan |
cousin of same grand grandparent | sedulur mindho | - | - |
grandparent | simbah | ||
grandparent older brother/sister | simbah raka | grandparent younger brother/sister | simbah rayi |
grandfather | simbah kakung | grandmother | simbah putri |
husband or wife (spouse) | garwa | - | - |
father | bapak | mother | ibu |
child | anak | - | - |
son | putrå | daughter | putri |
1st child | pembarep | 2nd child | panggulu |
middle children | pandhådhå | - | - |
2nd from bottom child | sumèndhi | bottom child | wuragil |
grandchildren | putu | grand grandchildren | buyut |
grandson | putu lanang | granddaughter | putu wadôn |
older brother | kangmas | younger brother | adhi lanang |
older sister | mbakyu | younger sister | adik wadon |
older uncle | pakdhé | younger uncle | paklik |
older aunt | budhé | younger aunt | bulik |
nephew | keponakan lanang | niece | keponakan wadôn |
adopted child | anak pupôn | step children | anak kuwalôn |
step father | bapak kuwalôn | step mother | ibu kuwalôn |
parent-in-law | måråtuwå | - | - |
father-in-law | bapak måråtuwå | mother-in-law | ibu måråtuwå |
son / daughter-in-law | mantu | - | - |
relation between parent and parent-in-law | bésan | ||
brother / sister-in-law | ipe | ||
brother/sister of brother/sister-in-law | pripéan |
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